摘要：

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by chronic airflow limitation, is a serious and growing public health concern. The major environmental risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking, but the biological mechanisms underlying COPD are not well understood. Herein, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopy is used in methods to identify metabolites and biomarkers associated with lung function in COPD.

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