摘要：

Serum determinations of tumor markers are indispensable in the diagnosis and management of cancer, and therefore play an important role in clinical practice. After a short historical survey, we systematically review a number of contemporary aspects of serum tumor markers related to various organ systems, and briefly indicate possible future developments.Keywords Tumor markers, Working Party Tumor MarkersReferencesSection:1. Magdelénat, H. Tumour markers in oncology: past, present and future. J Immunol Methods 1992; 150: 133–43. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI2. Bence-Jones, H. Papers on clinical pathology. Lecture III. Lancet 1847; 2: 269. Google Scholar3. Ascheim, S., Zondek, B. Das Hormon des Hypophysen-vorderlappens: Testobjeckt zum Nachweis des Hormons. Klin Wochenschr 1927; 6: 248–52. Google Scholar4. Brown, W.H. A case of pluriglandular syndrome: “Diabetes of bearded women.” Lancet 1928; 215: 1022–3. Google Scholar5. Cushing, H. The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism). Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1932; 50: 137. Google Scholar6. Gutman, A.B., Gutman, E.B. An “acid” phosphatase occurring in the serum of patients with metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate gland. J Clin Invest 1938; 17: 473–8. Google Scholar, Medline7. Hill, B.R., Levi, C. Elevation of a serum component in neoplastic disease. Cancer Res 1954; 14: 513–15. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI8. Fishman, W.H., Inglis, N.I., Stolbach, L.L. A serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme of human neoplastic cell origin. Cancer Res 1968; 28: 150–4. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI9. Rosen, S.W., Weintraub, B.D., Vaitukaitis, J.L. Placental proteins and their subunits as tumor markers. Ann Intern Med 1975; 82: 71–83. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI10. Abelev, G.I. Production of embryonal serum alpha globulin by hepatomas. Review of experimental and clinical data. Cancer Res 1963; 28: 1344–50. Google Scholar11. Gold, P., Freeman, S.O. Demonstration of tumour-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological intolerance and absorption techniques. J Exp Med 1965; 121: 439–45. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI12. Yalow, R.S., Berson, S.A. Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. J Clin Invest 1960; 39: 1157. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI13. K?hler, H., Millstein, C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of pre-defined specificity. Nature 1975; 256: 495. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI14. Sturgeon, C., Aronsson, A.C., Duffy, M.J., Hansson, L.O., Klapdor, R., Van Dalen, A. European Group on Tumour Markers: Consensus recommendations. Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 2785–820. Google Scholar, ISI15. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Clinical practice guidelines for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 2843–77. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI16. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). 1997 update and recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 793–5. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI17. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). 1998 update of recommended breast cancer surveillance guidelines. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 1080–2. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI18. Hayes, D.F. Tumor markers for breast cancer. Current utilities and future prospects. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1994; 8: 485–506. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI19. Hayes, D.F. Serum (circulating) tumor markers for breast cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 1996; 140: 101–13. Google Scholar, Medline20. Stearns, V., Yamauchi, H., Hayes, D.F. Circulating tumor markers in breast cancer: accepted utilities and novel prospects. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998; 52: 239–59. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI21. Fitzgibbons, P.L., Page, D.L., Weaver, D. Prognostic factors in breast cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124: 966–78. Google Scholar, Medline, ISI22. Coebergh, J.W.W., Van der Heijden, L.H., Janssen-Heijnen, M.L.G., eds. Cancer incidence and survival in the southeast of the Netherlands 1955–1994. A report f

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