Hydrothermal activity and metallogenesis in the Lau back-arc basin
摘要：
IN 1989, the submersible Nautile discovered one of the most active hydrothermal fields on the modern ocean floor, in the Lau back-arc basin (Fig. 1). The field contains high-temperature white and black smokers and as we report here, its characteristics contrast strongly with those of the hydrothermal fields found at normal mid-ocean ridges. The main differences are the acidity (pH as low as 2), chemistry and temperature (up to 400 °C) of the hydrothermal fluids, the composition of the ore deposits and the volcanic and tectonic environments. The fluids also have very high concentrations of trace metals and primary gold is present in the accompanying mineral deposits. Our data show that these back-arc deposits in the Lau Basin are intermediate between typical mid-ocean-ridge mineralization and massive sulphide deposits of the Kuroko type.
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关键词：
Experimental/ Earth composition geochemistry minerals oceanic crust oceanographic regions sedimentation sediments terrestrial heat/ hydrothermal fluids geochemistry ocean chemistry metal ores composition high-temperature white smokers acid hydrothermal vents barite chimneys anhydrite seafloor hydrothermal activity SW Pacific Ocean hydrothermal fluids temperatures volcanic environment metallogenesis Lau back-arc basin submersible Nautile active hydrothermal fields ocean floor black smokers pH ore deposits tectonic environments trace metals mineral deposits back-arc deposits mid-ocean-ridge mineralization massive sulphide deposits 1.7 to 2.0 km 250 to 320 degC 320 to 400 degC BaSO 4 chimneys Fe-Mn oxides CuS ZnS CaSO 4 primary Au deposits/ A9150E Seafloor processes A9135D Terrestrial heat A9150J Marine sedimentation and sediments A9330P Pacific Ocean A9220C Chemistry of the oceans A9135L Geochemistry A9165 Geophysical aspects of geology and mineralogy/ depth 1.7E+03 to
DOI：
10.1038/349778a0
被引量：
年份：
1991
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