摘要：

Biorefinery, hydrocolloid industry, seaweed processor, seaweeds, waste valorization Keywords: biorefinery; hydrocolloid industry; seaweed processor; seaweeds; waste valorization EN biorefinery hydrocolloid industry seaweed processor seaweeds waste valorization 1020 1027 8 06/06/23 20230601 NES 230601 INTRODUCTION An increasing demand for carbon-neutral, sustainable alternatives to petrochemical products has invigorated interests around the industrial utilization of biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks.[[1]] In addition, a closed-loop system in which feed materials and energy are recovered or recycled has been identified as a key framework for facilitating the transition to eco-effective industrial systems, thereby encouraging its widespread adoption across industrial sectors based on different bioresources.[[1]] Seaweeds have been a key subject of extensive investigations with respect to facilitating circular biomass-based economy because of its clear advantages over terrestrial crops.[[2]] In particular, the cultivation potential of seaweeds in large-scale offshore farms has promoted them as a promising candidate for carbon capture with minimal external nutrient requirements and almost zero competition for agricultural land.[[3]] Moreover, seaweeds themselves have considerable economic value not just because of their fast growth rates, but due to their unique chemical composition.[5] As an alternative feedstock to ligno-cellulosic biomass,[3] seaweeds contain a suite of functional ingredients, including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and polyphenols. Although the availability of each of these waste materials depends on the species and quality of raw seaweed materials being processed and the choice of processing conditions at different facilities,[15] literature survey and personal communications with industry experts indicated that these waste materials could be more than 50% of raw seaweed biomass.

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