Dependence of soil fertility on organic and mineral fertilization in a 46-year long-term field experiment.

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摘要：

Increasing doses of farmyard manure (FYM) or equivalent mineral NPK fertilizers and their combinations were analysed in a crop rotation with potato, maize and winter wheat with special regard to their long-term influence on soil fertility. The yield-increasing capacity of FYM doses was only 82%, as compared to the equivalent amount of mineral NPK. Fairly high N release (50.9 kg ha-1) could be observed on the unfertilized plots. Great differences in N utilization were recorded, depending on the form and dose of fertilizers. The average N utilization from FYM was only 29.3%, while that of the equivalent fertilizer application was 49.8%. The lowest soil reactions were observed without fertilization and at the highest NPK doses. Negative N balances generally resulted in low soil organic matter content. FYM and equivalent NPK fertilizers had a similar influence on the ammonium lactate (AL)-extractable K2O content of the soil, while an increase in the AL-P2O5 content could be observed in the case of mineral fertilization.

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application rates crop yield farmyard manure maize nitrogen NPK fertilizers nutrient balance potatoes rotations soil fertility soil organic matter wheat winter wheat Solanum tuberosum Triticum Triticum aestivum Zea mays Central Europe Europe Developed Countries OECD Countries Solanum Solanaceae Solanales dicotyledons angiosperms Spermatophyta plants eukaryotes Triticum Poaceae Cyperales monocotyledons Zea Hungary corn crop rotation FYM organic matter in soil rotational cropping.