摘要：

A compound selected from the group consisting of formula I-1, II-1, III-1 and IV-1: or a compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-(hydroxylamino)hexane, 3-(hydroxylamino)hexane, 2-(hydroxylamino)octane, and 3-(hydroxylamino)octane, wherein: R 7 and R 9 are independently linear C 2 -C 17 alkyl; R 11 is an unsubstituted linear C 2 -C 17 alkyl; R 8 is H or linear C 1 -C 8 alkyl; R 10 and R 14 are independently H, linear C 1 -C 8 alkyl, or CH 2 OH, or R 9 , R 10 , and the carbon to which they are attached form an eight membered cycloalkyl ring; R 12 is H, an unsubstituted linear C 1 -C 8 alkyl, or CH 2 OH, or R 11 , R 12 , and the carbon to which they are attached form a C 9 -C 11 cycloalkyl ring; R 13 is C 2 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl, aryl, or aryl-alkyl-; R 14 is H or C 1 -C 12 alkyl, or R 13 and R 14 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl ring; R 15 is H, or R 14 , R 15 , and the atoms to which they are attached form an oxazolidine ring that is optionally substituted with C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and R 16 is H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl, or aryl; provided that: when the compound is selected from formula I-1, the total number of carbons in R 7 and R 8 , together with the carbon to which they are attached, is 10 to 18; and the compound is not 1-nitrodecane, 2-nitrodecane, 1-nitroundecane, 2-nitroundecane, 3-nitroundecane, 4-nitroundecane, 5-nitroundecane, 6-nitroundecane, 1-nitrododecane, 2-nitrododecane, 3-nitrododecane, 4-nitrododecane, 5-nitrododecane, 6-nitrododecane, 1-nitrotridecane, 2-nitrotridecane, 3-nitrotridecane, 6-nitrotridecane, 1-nitrotetradecane, 1-nitropentadecane, 1-nitrohexadecane, 2-nitrohexadecane, 1-nitroheptadecane, 1-nitrooctadecane, or 2-nitrooctadecane; when the compound is selected from formula II-1, if R 10 is H or linear C 1 -C 8 alkyl, the total number of carbons in R 9 and R 10 , together with the carbon to which they are attached, is 5 to 18; or if R 10 is CH 2 OH, R 9 is linear C 12 -C 16 alkyl; and the compound is not 2-nitro-1-hexanol, 2-nitro-1-heptanol, 2-nitro-1-octanol, 2-methyl-2-nitro-1-heptanol, or 2-nitro-1-dodecanol; when the compound is selected from formula III-1, if R 12 is H or linear C 1 -C 8 alkyl, the total number of carbons in R 11 and R 12 , together with the carbon to which they are attached, is 6 to 18; or if R 12 is CH 2 OH, R 11 is linear C 7 -C 17 alkyl; and the compound is not 2-amino-1-heptanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-hexanol, 2-amino-1-octanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-amino-1-nonanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-octanol, 2-amino-1-decanol, 2-amino-2-octyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-butyl-1-hexanol, 2-amino-1-undecanol, 2-amino-1-dodecanol, 2-amino-2-decyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-1-tridecanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-dodecanol, 2-amino-1-tetradecanol, 2-amino-2-dodecyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-tridecanol, 2-amino-1-pentadecanol, 2-amino-2-tridecyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-1-hexadecanol, 2-amino-2-tetradecyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-pentadecanol, 2-amino-2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-amino-1-heptadecanol, 2-amino-2-pentadecyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-1-octadecanol, or 2-amino-2-hexadecyl-1,3-propanediol; and when the compound is selected from formula IV-1, if R 13 is an ethyl group, R 14 is not H; and the compound is not 5-propyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 4,4-diethyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane, 3-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane, 3-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]decane, or 3-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.7]dodecane.

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