摘要：

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) form by the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter (NOM), bromideand iodide; a few are regulated in the United States and in other countries. Due to adverse health effects observed in human epidemiological studies, including bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, miscarriage, and birth defects, much research has been conducted to discover the DBPs that are responsible. Because none of the 11 DBPs regulated in the United States cause bladder cancer in animals, most scientists believe that DBPs other than those regulated are responsible. As a result, both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS have been used to uncover emerging, unregulated DBPs, many of which are more toxic than those regulated. In addition to NOM, anthropogenic contaminants can also form DBPs when they react with disinfectants after entering source waters from incomplete removal in wastewater treatment. These include pharmaceuticals, estrogens, antibacterial agents, pesticides, bisphenol A, alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants, flame retardants, benzotriazoles, and ultraviolet filters. Increasingly, LC-MS is being used to identify DBPs, particularly with high-resolution MS, which provides additional molecular formula information. LC-MS is enabling the identification of more polar species, as well as high-molecular-weight species. Further, tandem MS techniques, such as precursor ion scan, used in combination with electrospray ionization, are enabling the identification of brominated and iodinated compounds. This chapter will cover the advances that LC-MS has made in the identification of new emerging DBPs and the quantification of unregulated toxicologically important DBPs.

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