摘要：

A large amount of energy is required worldwide to support and run industries, society, and community centers. The present energy distribution is directly reliant on the accessibility of nonrenewable energy reserves, which results in rising energy demands, atmospheric carbon dioxide accumulation, and an increase in greenhouse gases. It elevates the concept of the circular bio-economy of "the sustainable utilization of the lignocellulosic waste into a range of by-products and biofuels" generally recognized as biorefinery as defined by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The essential target for biorefineries is to obtain both high-volume biofuels and high-value structural chemicals. A lignocellulosic biorefinery is a second-generation system that mainly depends upon the utilization of lignocellulosic crops and non-crop feedstock, and different industrial waste such as sugarcane bagasse via thermochemical conversion. At the same time, various challenges are also aligned with the development of the lignocellulosic biorefineries such as seasonal availability, land usage, yields, and accumulation of various inhibitors during the pretreatment steps. Improved strains, streamlining of the regional substrates, integrated bioprocess, and compatibility to the existing petrochemical infrastructure will hold the key to the circular bio-economy-based biorefineries.

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