摘要：

This review presents data, which indicate the involvement of gamma-amino-butyric-ergic system in the regulation of cerebral blood flow via direct effect on gamma-amino-butyric-ergic receptors of the vascular wall and by the central mechanisms associated with the antiadrenergic effects. It is shown that the stimulation of individual cortical gamma- amino-butyric interneurons leads to a local decrease of vascular tone or constriction of the cerebral vessels. The nitric oxide synthase - positive gamma-amino-butyric acid interneurons of the cerebellum, releasing through membrane of their shoots nitric oxide and gamma-amino-butyric acid, have the powerful relaxing effect on blood vessels. gamma-amino-butyric- ergic promotes dilation of cerebral blood vessels in the hippocampus and rostral ventrolateral medulla. Linear derivatives of gamma-amino-butyric acid - lithium hydroxybutyrate, N'N- bis [2,6-pyridinecarbonyl ]- gamma-amino-butyric acid and lithium salt of N- acetyl- gamma-amino-butyric acid, phenibut, gabapentin prevent the development of post-ischemic cerebrovascular phenomena - hyperemia and delayed unrestoration of cerebral blood flow, increase its functional stability of significant fluctuations of systemic blood pressure, improve microcirculation. Cyclic derivatives of gamma-amino-butyric acid - piracetam and its analogs phepirone and сarphedon (phenotropil) improve cerebral blood flow in experiments and clinical practice and restore disfunction of the central nervous system after ischemic stroke. Cerebrovascular effects of combined gamma-amino-butyric acid derivatives - picamilon, citrokard, medicinal compositions comprising pyroglutamine acid and pyrrolidone, conjugates of gamma-amino-butyric acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids consist increase of the level of local cerebral blood flow in condition of ischemic and hemorrhagic brain damage of animals, limiting phenomena of post-ischemic hyperperfusion.Key words: gamma-amino-butyric acid derivatives , regulation of cerebral blood flow, ischemic and hemorrhagic brain damage, central nervous system, local cerebral blood flow, postischemic hyperperfusion.

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