摘要：

Aim: The smaller galangal is extracted, purified and identified the bioactive compounds. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether these isolated compounds have antibacterial and synergistic activity against amoxicillin-resistant . Synergistic activity was observed on combining amoxicillin with these flavonoids. The combinations of amoxicillin and these flavonoids exhibited a synergistic effect, reducing AREC cell numbers. Electron microscopy showed that these combinations damaged the ultrastructure of AREC cells. The results indicated that these combinations altered outer membrane permeability but not affecting cytoplasmic membrane. Enzyme assays showed that these flavonoids had an inhibitory activity against penicillinase. Conclusion: These results indicated that these flavonoids have the potential to reverse bacterial resistance to amoxicillin in AREC and may operate via three mechanisms: inhibition of peptidoglycan and ribosome synthesis, alteration of outer membrane permeability, and interaction with beta-lactamases. Significance and Impact of the Study: These findings offer the potential to develop a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals to treat AREC. copyright 2011 The Authors. Journal of Applied Microbiology copyright 2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

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