摘要：

Salmonellosis, a disease caused by organisms in the genus Salmonella, presents a major health burden in the United States. This chapter reviews current trends in the incidence of Salmonella infections and the occurrence of salmonellosis outbreaks, along with recent findings regarding the foods through which these infections are transmitted. In the first few decades of the 20th century, salmonellosis was an important public health problem in Europe, often through outbreaks. In the United States, nontyphoidal salmonellosis increased in public health importance after 1950, just as typhoid fever, caused by S. enterica serotype Typhi, was declining. In the United States, salmonellosis is tracked nationally through complementary clinical case and laboratory-based surveillance systems and through active surveillance in sentinel sites. The presentation of salmonellosis outbreaks has been evolving, related in part to particular biologic characteristics of the organism and to the sensitivity of our surveillance techniques. The incidence of human salmonellosis measured through laboratory-based surveillance has varied over the last several decades. Recent developments in salmonellosis outbreaks due to specific foods are discussed in the chapter. The decline in serotype Enteritidis infections and related outbreaks is one of the most important recent trends in the epidemiology of salmonellosis. The resistance of Salmonella to antimicrobial agents is an ongoing concern for both clinicians and public health officials. Most Salmonella infections do not require treatment with antimicrobial agents; however, the emergence of drug-resistant strains can complicate treatment of extraintestinal infections and has been associated with more frequent and longer hospitalizations.

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