摘要：

Previous studies have related opium and its pyrolysates to the risk of developing certain cancers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of determining carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels in habitual opium smokers. Serum CEA concentrations were measured in 128 opium smokers and in 44 controls of cigarette only smokers and 47 normal non-smokers by an EIA-based assay. TPA levels were also determined in serum and urine of a subgroup in the study population. The results indicated that serum CEA concentrations are higher in opium smokers than in healthy tobacco smokers (p=0.004) and non-smokers (p=0.001). The amount of opium used correlated with the serum CEA level (r=0.276, pKeywords Carcinoembryonic antigen, Tissue polypeptide antigen, Opium, Addicts, Tumor markers, CancerReferencesSection:1. Li, J.H., Lin, L.F.. Genetic toxicology of abused drugs: a brief review. Mutagenesis 1998; 13: 557–65. Google Scholar, Medline2. Martin, J., Zweben, J.E.. Addressing treatment needs of Southeast Asian Mien opium users in California. J Psychoactive Drugs 1993; 25: 73–6. Google Scholar, Medline3. Westermeyer, J., Lyfoung, T., Neider, J.. An epidemic of opium dependence among Asian refugees in Minnesota: characteristics and causes. Br J Addict 1989; 84: 785–9. Google Scholar, Medline4. Poh, S.C.. The effects of opium smoking in cigarette smokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1972; 106: 239–45. Google Scholar, Medline5. Da Costa, J.L., Tock, E.P., Boey, H.K.. Lung disease with chronic obstruction in opium smokers in Singapore. Clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological, functional and pathological features. Thorax 1971; 26: 555–71. Google Scholar, Medline6. Friesen, M., O'Neill, I.K., Malaveille, C.. Characterization and identification of 6 mutagens in opium pyrolysates implicated in oesophageal cancer in Iran. Mutat Res 1985; 150: 177–91. Google Scholar, Medline7. Perry, P.E., Thomson, E.J., Vijayalaxmi, Evans, H.J., Day, N.E., Bartsch, H.. Induction of SCE by opium pyrolysates in CHO cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 1983; 4: 227–30. Google Scholar, Medline8. Ghavamzadeh, A., Moussavi, A., Jahani, M., Rastegarpanah, M., Iravani, M.. Esophageal cancer in Iran. Semin Oncol 2001; 28: 153–7. Google Scholar, Medline9. Bartsch, H.. Hunting for electrophiles that harm human DNA: Frits Sobels Award Lecture. Mutagenesis 2002; 17: 281–7. Google Scholar, Medline10. Malaveille, C., Friesen, M., Camus, A.M.. Mutagens produced by the pyrolysis of opium and its alkaloids as possible risk factors in cancer of the bladder and oesophagus. Carcinogenesis 1982; 3: 577–85. Google Scholar, Medline11. Mousavi, M.R., Damghani, M.A., Haghdoust, A.A., Khamesipour, A.. Opium and risk of laryngeal cancer. Laryngoscope 2003; 113: 939–43. Google Scholar12. Ghadirian, P., Stein, G.F., Gorodetzky, C.. Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian littoral of Iran: some residual results, including opium use as a risk factor. Int J Cancer 1985; 35: 593–7. Google Scholar, Medline13. Behmard, S., Sadeghi, A., Mohareri, M.R., Kadivar, R.. Positive association of opium addiction and cancer of the bladder. Results of urine cytology in 3,500 opium addicts. Acta Cytol 1981; 25: 142–6. Google Scholar, Medline14. Correale, M., Arnberg, H., Blockx, P.. Clinical profile of a new monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for tissue polypeptide antigen. Int J Biol Markers 1994; 9: 231–8. Google Scholar, Medline15. Ferrigno, D., Buccheri, G.. Clinical applications of serum markers for lung cancer. Respir Med 1995; 89: 587–97. Google Scholar, Medline16. Duffy, M.J.. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a marker for colorectal cancer: is it clinically useful? Clin Chem 2001; 47: 624–30. Google Scholar, Medline17. Sundstrom, B.E., Stigbrand, T.I.. Cytokeratins and tissue polypeptide antigen. Int J Biol Markers 1994; 9: 102–8. Google Scholar, Medline18. Shahangian, S., Fritsche, H.A., Hughes, J.I.. Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum of patients with colorectal polyps: correlation with histology and smoking status. Clin Chem 199

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