摘要：

Use of intravenous (IV) anesthetic medication has expanded from its primary use in induction to maintenance of anesthesia. The recognized benefits of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) are expanding as experience increases and cost decreases. TIVA may even help reduce postoperative pain in some circumstances, although high-dose or prolonged infusions of narcotic pain medications may negate any benefit. Lower rates of emergence agitation in pediatric patients have been shown with many IV medications, including propofol, fentanyl, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam. Some disease states, such as xeroderma pigmentosa, are associated with delayed emergence from general anesthesia, and TIVA may find a role in these unique clinical scenarios. A review of some common IV anesthetic agents follows.

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