摘要：

АСТМА ТА АЛЕРГЯ, No 1 2015 Periodontal diseases have much in common with pathogenesis of other illnesses. Scientific research conducted within the recent years testifies that periodontal tissue inflammation processes are closely connected with systemic diseases; on top of that they also serve as a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [14]. COPD, in turn, may cause considerable extra-pulmonary systemic complications [1]. COPD is known to reduce general immunologic reaction of the body, to cause disturbance of immunologic resistibility mechanisms of all tissues, including periodontal tissues [14]. In such a case the patient's age at the beginning of the disease is of great importance. COPD is known to develop primarily among mature and elderly individuals – after the age of 40, when the body is already going through age-related metabolic and immunological changes, and there may be mineral metabolism disorders. The following should be considered the main factors contributing to bone mineral metabolism disorders in COPD patients and influencing the course of development of generalized periodontitis: chronic inflammatory process, increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia arising from progressing bronchial obstruction, development of chronic respiratory acidosis, drop in physical activity and decreased tolerance to physical exercise, administration of inhaled and systemic gluco-cortecosteroids [14, 15]. Therefore, the age-related body changes in this patient contingency overlap with COPD pathogenetic mechanisms; this fact directly influences developmental features of generalized periodontitis. Mucous membranes of the mouth cavity are protected thanks to specific and non-specific protection mechanisms present [3, 4]. The main humoral factors of mucous membrane protection are macroglobulin (IgM), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and a number of protein and hydrocarbon compounds that include protease and antiprotease of saliva, lisocyme, lactoferrin, mucus glycoproteids [3, 4, 14]. A number of authors consider the insufficient production of antibodies, the main specific immunity defense factor, to be the consequence and integral manifestation of quantitative cell composition disorder and cell functional characteristics disorder in immunogenic processes. In addition, the cells of the lymphoid and non-lymphoid line and the cytokine regulation play an important part here [8]. The cytokines generated during the inflammatory process damage periodontal tissues and cause alveolar bone resorption, which receives its clinical manifestation through symptoms of generalized periodontitis. According to data provided by some authors, IL-1 has the most harmful impact during periodontal diseases [3, 8, 15]. Therefore, a comprehensive research of clinical symptoms of pathologic processes in periodontal tissues that would examine such local immunity performance as the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), general protein and concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the given patient category is currently important. The aim of the study – to research clinical and immunological features of generalized periodontitis development in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients via determining their periodontal status, level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, amount of sIgA and total protein in combined saliva. The work was carried out at the expense of the funds of the State Budget of Ukraine.

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