Alternative activation of macrophages.
摘要:
The classical pathway of interferon-gamma-dependent activation of macrophages by T helper 1 (T(H)1)-type responses is a well-established feature of cellular immunity to infection with intracellular pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV. The concept of an alternative pathway of macrophage activation by the T(H)2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 has gained credence in the past decade, to account for a distinctive macrophage phenotype that is consistent with a different role in humoral immunity and repair. In this review, I assess the evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation in the light of macrophage heterogeneity, and define its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions.
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关键词:
Th2 Cells Animals Humans Mice Chemokines Interleukin-4 Interleukin-13 Cell Differentiation Antibody Formation Macrophage Activation
DOI:
10.1038/nri978
被引量:
年份:
2003



















































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