摘要：

The pharmacologic effects of , , and a -combination were compared with for rapid induction of general anesthesia. , 4 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg , 0.3 mg/kg , or 0.15 mg/kg , and 0.75 mg/kg , were administered intravenously in a randomized fashion to 80 patients undergoing emergency surgery. Adequacy of induction, hemodynamic changes, and postoperative effects were assessed during and after a standardized induction-maintenance anesthetic technique. had the slowest onset (15-60 s) and longest duration of action. During induction, decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 11%, increased MAP by 10%, while neither nor the -combination significantly changed MAP. Heart rate (HR) increased during induction in all groups; however, the increase was significantly less in the combination group. After intubation, MAP and HR increased to the same extent in all four groups. Significantly more patients who received for induction were during emergence. most effectively produced anxiolysis and . Significantly more patients who received felt depressed postoperatively, and 95% required parenteral opiate analgesics in the recovery room. Dreaming was highest after (55%) and lowest after (0%) and the combination (5%). Thus, effectively attenuated both the cardiostimulatory responses and unpleasant emergence reactions associated with . The author concludes that both and the -combination are safe and effective induction agents for emergency surgery, which may offer an advantage over in situations where hemodynamic stability is crucial. Furthermore, effectively attenuates the side effects of .

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