Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
摘要:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very common and globally increasing disease characterized by progressive airway obstruction and associated with chronic inflammation of peripheral airways and lung parenchyma that leads to small airway fibrosis and emphysema. The major risk factor in developed countries is cigarette smoking but in developing countries indoor air pollution is important. COPD is commonly associated with comorbidities that may be due to associated systemic inflammation. The main treatment strategies include stopping smoking and long-acting bronchodilators, whereas corticosteroids are largely ineffective prompting a search for new anti-inflammatory therapies.
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关键词:
Humans Lung Diseases, Obstructive Inflammation Endopeptidases Leukocyte Elastase Adrenal Cortex Hormones Bronchodilator Agents Anti-Inflammatory Agents Anti-Bacterial Agents Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
DOI:
10.1016/j.ccm.2013.11.003
被引量:
年份:
2014



































































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