摘要：

This habilitation thesis is concerned with the synthesis and properties of terpoly(ester-b-ether-b-amide) (TPEEA) classified to a group of thermoplastic multiblock elastomers. The aims of the study were: 1. Development of a multistage method for the synthesis of multiblock terpolymers with the assumed composition, selection of the optimal parameters for unit processes; 2. Examination of the phase structure of synthesized terpolymers, elucidation of the interphase phenomena and on these grounds achievement of control over of the desired properties of terpolymers. The first part of the study included the synthesis of: - 20 alpha,omega-dicarboxy-oligo(epsilon-caprolactan) PA6 and 12 alpha,omega-dicarboxy-oligo(omega-laurolactam) PA12 with the molecular weight from 750 to 6000 g/mol; - two three-component multiblock systems with the following chemical structure poly(tetramethylene terephthalate))-block-(oxytetramethylene)-block-(laurolactam) -(PA12-b-PTMO-b-PBT)-n and poly[(tetramethylene terephthalate)-block-(oxytetramethylene)-block-(epsilon-caprolactam)] -(PA6-b-PTMO-b-PBT)-n. Experience with the synthesis of dicarboxylic oligoamides has enabled the selection of the optimal parameters for their hydrolytic polycondensation (PA12: hydrolysis step p = 1,6 MPa, T = 320°C, t = 300 min.; polycondensation step p = 0,1 MPa, T = 290°C, t =300 min.) and the use of appropriate molecular mass stabilizer (sebacic acid). Specific conditions have been determined for esterification (p = 0.1 MPa, T = 210°C, t = 120 min, N2), transesterification (p = 0.1 MPa, T = 190°C, t = 80 min., N2) and polycondensation (p = 1 hPa, T = 255°C, t = 180 min., titanium catalyst) of terpoly(ester-b-ether-b-amide). As a result, 53 samples of TPEEA terpolymers were obtained, in which the chemical composition and microstructure of the respective blocks was varied well as the distribution of these blocks in the macromolecule. Thereby, the possibility of formation of the macromolecule composed of the repeat sequences of three different blocks has been demonstrated. TPEEA terpolymers represent a completely new group of the materials with hitherto unknown elastothermoplastic properties. Their elastic residue after 100% elongation in close to 96%. The second part of the study focuses on these properties which are associated with the physical state and the phase structure of matfer. Using different methods, such as DSC, DMTA, WAXS, dielectric and ultrasonic investigations the following properties were analyzed: the glass transition temperature, change of the specific heat, melting and crystallization temperatures, melting and crystallization enthalpy, alpha and beta relaxation processes. Next, methods for the evaluation of the phase separation in block copolymers were used as a model to develop a method for the quantitative analysis of the separation of soft, hard and intermediate phases, as well as a method for the calculation of the degree of separation of the intermediate phase in terpolymers. The results enabled to develop a structural model (Fig. 54), phase diagrams (Figs. 59 and 82) and relaxation diagram (Fig. 79) in TPEEA. They constitute the starting point to gather knowledge about the three-component multiblock systems. Subsequently, it was revealed that -(PA12-b-PTMO-b-PBT)-n, terpolymers are the polymer systems in which the PBT component with an appropriate molecular weight dissolves in the PA12 block phase (hard) and is partly dissolved in the PTMO block phase (soft). On the other hand, -(PA6-b-PTMO-b-PBT)-n, terpolymers are systems in which the PBT component is not dissolved in the PA6 block phase and is only partly dissolved in the PTMO block phase. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the structure and phase separation of both systems has enabled the association of the properties of TPEEA to their continuous phase, which facilitated thus facilitating the complicated interpretation of results in the three-component system. The combination of the phase model with the relationship between the composition of the continuous phase and the presenc

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