摘要：

The receptivity of the boundary-layer flows to external perturbations represents a very important aspect of the laminar-turbulent transition problem and has both basic and practical significance. In the present paper a very brief review of studies (mainly the experimental ones) performed during past several years is carried out. The generation of two kinds of the instability modes is discussed: ( a ) the Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves and ( b ) the cross-flow (CF) waves and vortices. We concentrate here on the following three-dimensional receptivity mechanisms: ( i ) receptivity to localized surface roughness, ( ii ) receptivity to localized surface vibrations, ( iii ) acoustic receptivity in presence of a localized surface roughness, and ( iv ) acoustic receptivity in presence of a localized surface vibrations.

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