Specificity and versatility in tgf-beta signaling through Smads.
摘要：
The TGF-beta family comprises many structurally related differentiation factors that act through a heteromeric receptor complex at the cell surface and an intracellular signal transducing Smad complex. The receptor complex consists of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Upon phosphorylation by the receptors, Smad complexes translocate into the nucleus, where they cooperate with sequence-specific transcription factors to regulate gene expression. The vertebrate genome encodes many ligands, fewer type II and type I receptors, and only a few Smads. In contrast to the perceived simplicity of the signal transduction mechanism with few Smads, the cellular responses to TGF-beta ligands are complex and context dependent. This raises the question of how the specificity of the ligand-induced signaling is achieved. We review the molecular basis for the specificity and versatility of signaling by the many ligands through this conceptually simple signal transduction mechanism.
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关键词：
Animals Humans Transforming Growth Factor beta Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta Ligands Sensitivity and Specificity Signal Transduction Transcription, Genetic Models, Biological Forecasting
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.022404.142018
被引量：
年份：
2005
Semantic Scholar
万方医学
NCBI
Europe PMC
BioMed Central
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