Pediatric Emergence Delirium with Ketamine: A Current and Comprehensive Literature Review
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Ketamine is a commonly used anesthetic agent both inside and outside of the operating theatre. ER physicians, orthopedists and other medical staff alike have used it forminor surgical procedures in the pediatric population, whereas anesthesiologists have used it for premedication anxiolysis in children. As a phencyclidine, ketamine offers the advantage ofamnestic anesthesia with potent analgesia. This unique property in addition to the relativemaintenance of upper airway reflex patency, to the relative high dose requirement for apneathreshold, and to the relative bronchodilation effects has lead to the widespread use. However,one of the main factors limiting its usage has been the adverse psychological effect in thepostanesthetic recovery period where patients can experience hallucinations and emergencedelirium. This is a literature review of ketamine-induced pediatric emergence delirium (ED) and how it affects perioperative management.
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