Seismoacoustic evidence for volcanic activity on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean

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摘要：

In 1999, a swarm of earthquakes and a lava flow signaled a volcanic eruption at the eastern end of Gakkel Ridge, the slowest spreading ridge worldwide. In summer 2001, the multidisciplinary Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition studied these ridge processes which are unusual at ultraslow spreading rates. As part of these studies, we examined the microearthquake activity of the ridge with seismological arrays on ice-floes. Near the volcanic center (85°40'N 85°E) active in 1999, we recorded a remarkable swarm of 200 acoustic events. The signals consist of two to four explosive phases, representing the direct water wave and multiple reflections. We localized the acoustic source at the northern rim of the lava flow of 1999. By comparison with similar signals produced at the ocean entry of the Kilauea lava, we postulate that we made an exceptional observation of the sounds of active submarine volcanism.

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Theoretical or Mathematical/ earthquakes seafloor phenomena seismology underwater sound volcanology/ Gakkel Ridge Arctic Ocean AD 2001 volcanic eruption multidisciplinary Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition ridge processes microearthquake activity seismological arrays ice-floes explosive phases water wave reflection multiple reflection acoustic source Kilauea lava flow active submarine volcanism sounds/ A9130B Seismic sources A9140 Volcanology A9150G Bathymetry and seafloor topography A9150E Seafloor processes A9210V Underwater sound A4330 Underwater sound A9330L Arctic Ocean