Tomatoes, Tomato-Based Products, Lycopene, and Cancer: Review of the Epidemiologic Literature

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355

作者：

G Edward

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摘要：

The epidemiologic literature in the English language regarding intake of tomatoes and -based products and blood (a compound derived predominantly from tomatoes) level in relation to the risk of various was reviewed. Among 72 studies identified, 57 reported inverse associations between intake or blood level and the risk of at a defined anatomic site; 35 of these inverse associations were statistically significant. No study indicated that higher consumption or blood level statistically significantly increased the risk of at any of the investigated sites. About half of the relative risks for comparisons of high with low intakes or levels for tomatoes or were approximately 0.6 or lower. The evidence for a benefit was strongest for , lung, and stomach. Data were also suggestive of a benefit for , colon and rectum, esophagus, oral cavity, breast, and cervix. Because the data are from observational studies, a cause-effect relationship cannot be established definitively. However, the consistency of the results across numerous studies in diverse populations, for case-control and prospective studies, and for dietary-based and blood-based investigations argues against bias or confounding as the explanation for these findings. may account for or contribute to these benefits, but this possibility is not yet proven and requires further study. Numerous other potentially beneficial compounds are present in tomatoes, and, conceivably, complex interactions among multiple components may contribute to the anticancer properties of tomatoes. The consistently lower risk of for a variety of anatomic sites that is associated with higher consumption of tomatoes and -based products adds further support for current dietary recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.

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关键词：

Humans Lycopersicon esculentum Carotenoids Anticarcinogenic Agents Reproducibility of Results Confounding Factors (Epidemiology Food Habits Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Observer Variation Neoplasms