摘要：

Recently a quite unexpected phenomenon was observed during the study of the magnetic properties of High-T c superconductors: In the field-cooled regime the magnetic response of some HTSC at very low fields ( 1 Oe ), instead of being diamagnetic, becomes paramagnetic. Such behavior is perfectly reproducible and stable. This effect is now called the Wohlleben Effect. The samples showing the Wohlleben effect also display anomalous behavior in some other properties (microwave absorption, second harmonic of magnetic susceptibility). In this paper a survey is given of the experimental studies of this and related phenomena, carried out in different laboratories. Corresponding theoretical models are also discussed. The effect is attributed to the formation of spontaneous currents (spontaneous orbital magnetic moments) in the ground state of the weak link network in case when Josephson coupling between certain grains is negative (π-contacts). Microscopic mechanisms of inverse Josephson coupling are discussed especially in connection with the possible unconventional pairing in HTSC.

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