Mammalian caspases: structure, activation, substrates, and functions during apoptosis.
摘要:
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed, morphologically distinct form of cell death that can be triggered by a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli. Studies performed over the past 10 years have demonstrated that proteases play critical roles in initiation and execution of this process. The caspases, a family of cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases, are prominent among the death proteases. Caspases are synthesized as relatively inactive zymogens that become activated by scaffold-mediated transactivation or by cleavage via upstream proteases in an intracellular cascade. Regulation of caspase activation and activity occurs at several different levels: (a) Zymogen gene transcription is regulated; (b) antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family and other cellular polypeptides block proximity-induced activation of certain procaspases; and (c) certain cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) can bind to and inhibit active caspases. Once activated, caspases cleave a variety of intracellular polypeptides, including major structural elements of the cytoplasm and nucleus, components of the DNA repair machinery, and a number of protein kinases. Collectively, these scissions disrupt survival pathways and disassemble important architectural components of the cell, contributing to the stereotypic morphological and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cell death.
展开
关键词:
Animals Humans Caspases Apoptosis Enzyme Activation Amino Acid Sequence Protein Conformation Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Substrate Specificity Molecular Sequence Data
DOI:
10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.383
被引量:
年份:
1999
















































通过文献互助平台发起求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。
相似文献
参考文献
引证文献
辅助模式
引用
文献可以批量引用啦~
欢迎点我试用!