摘要：

The author has dealt with the phenomena which take place during washing. The following factors are important in considering the course of the process of washing: the nature and composition of the stains, the nature of the material which is stained, the characteristics of the water used as well as the nature and composition of the detergent used. The process of washing taken as a whole may be subdivised into a number of partial phenomena. Of importance for consideration in the first place are the ability of the material and the stains to be soaked by t he water, the effect of the active constituents of the detergents on the surfaces of the fibres and on the formation of micelles, the extraction of solid particles from the surface of the fibres (dispersion), the elimination of fatty substances by their going into suspension (emulsification), the stability of the emulsion and the elimination of impurities. It is clear t hat these processes do not take place one after the other but take place at the same time and interact with one another. In other sections t he author has treated the active substances contained in detergents as well as the composition of the products. Finally the author has stressed some important points which should be considered in obtaining lasting and completely satisfactory cleaning.

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