摘要：

This chapter discusses thermodynamic analysis of multicomponent solutions. An exhaustive consideration of the properties of solutions and theory of electrolytes requires a treatise far beyond the scope of this chapter, in which one shall be concerned primarily with only certain thermodynamic problems specifically implied by the presence of at least three components, some diffusible and some nondiffusible. Because the classic equilibrium thermodynamics of fluid systems can be regarded as complete science, now in no way tentative and not expected to conceal as yet unrevealed profundities, it is not unrealistic to expect to formulate statements that are precise and definitive, so far as thermodynamics is concerned, of relations among experimental quantities important in the study of dilute solutions. Another situation of considerable importance arises when there are several diffusible and several nondiffusible solutes, but the relative amounts of the latter are kept unchanged as their total concentration is altered at constant potential of nondiffusible components.

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