摘要：

Untreated waters contain a number of harmful pollutants which give the water color, taste, and odor. These pollutants include viruses, bacteria, organic materials, and soluble inorganic compounds, and these must be removed or rendered harmless before the water can be used again to prevent waterborne diseases. Viruses and bacteria may be eliminated by chemical methods or by irradiation, and organic poisons may also be controlled. Inorganic matter must be removed by other means. The traditional processes and techniques currently in use for the removal of viruses from water and wastewater include methods effecting physical removal of the particles and those causing the inactivation or destruction of the organism: sedimentation, adsorption, coagulation and precipitation, and filtration. The second encompasses pH and chemical oxidation by disinfection such as halogens. The current concept of disinfection is that the treatment must destroy or inactivate viruses as well as bacillary pathogens. Some fundamental methods include: electromagnetic waves, which have germicidal properties; ultrasonic waves, which are used to effect disintegration by cavitation and mixing of organic materials; electron beams; and electromagnetism.

展开