摘要：

Dynamic high pressure is 1 GPa (10 kbar) or greater with a rise time and a duration ranging from 1 ps (10s) to 1 s (10s). Today it is possible in a laboratory to achieve pressures dynamically up to ~500 GPa (5 Mbar) and greater, compressions as much as ~15-fold greater than initial density in the case of hydrogen and temperatures from ~0.1 up to several electronvolts (11 600 K). At these conditions materials are extremely condensed semiconductors or degenerate metals. Temperature can be tuned independently of pressure by a combination of shock and isentropic compression. As a result, new opportunities are now available in condensed matter physics at extreme conditions. The basic physics of the dynamic process, experimental methods of generating and diagnosing matter at these extreme conditions and a technique to recover metastable materials intact from ~100 GPa shock pressures are discussed.

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