摘要：

Nickel- and palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions have revolutionized the practice of organic synthesis in academic and industrial laboratories over the past few decades. Kumada's use of phosphine ligands to discipline the reactivity of orga-nonickel intermediates allowed synthetically Useful nickel-catalyzed couplings between Grignard reagents and vinyl/aryl/ heteroaryl halides, thereby significantly extending earlier studies with simple transition metal salts by Kharash and Fields Negishi expanded the cross-coupling concept to include aluminum, zirconium, and zinc reagents using both nickel- and palladium-based catalysts. But it was the discovery of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of organic derivatives of tin (Stille, Beletskaya ), boron (Suzuki-Miyaura ), and silicon (Hiyama ) that meant carbon—carbon bonds could be formed under neutral reaction conditions between highly-functionalized substrates, a virtue that has led to the widespread acceptance of these powerful processes by the synthetic organic Community.

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