摘要：

A finished two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum can is composed of a bottom, sidewall, neck, flange, and applied end. Each requires attention to detail and each has proponents for particular methods of manufacture. A recent program developed at Alcoa for lightweighting of cans in a cost-effective manner leads to the present research effort. This effort is aimed at increasing the fundamental understanding of end-coining processes and in developing a stronger and lighter can end. This article provides a critical review of the current coining practices used for container end enclosures. A significant number of patents were studied, but only those that were relevant to this work are summarized in the present article. It was found that the classical definition of coining has been loosely used in the can industry and is misinterpreted at times. Therefore, a new terminology has been given to coining of ends, namely, end-coining. The term end-coining is used to describe any restriking operation which improves the strength or slightly modifies the geometry of the can end closures. The word "end" refers to a container (beer/beverage/food can) lid.

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