摘要：

Considering its ready availability and low cost, L-proline would be the first choice catalyst for preparing aldol adducts with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. However, proline presents some major drawbacks, including poor performance in direct aldol reactions with aromatic aldehydes, limited solubility, and reactivity in nonpolar organic solvents, and side reactions that make using high catalyst loadings necessary to reach satisfactory conversions. Therefore, numerous proline-modified organo catalysts such as prolinamides, proline thioamides, sulfonamides, chiral amines, and organic salts have been designed for direct aldol reactions. An alternative is to add a readily available additive to the reactions containing proline. This last approach is clearly advantageous in avoiding tedious chemical syntheses of organo catalysts and would ultimately allow the construction of libraries of catalyst protocols by simply changing the additive. Acid additives can influence the outcome of enamine mediated reactions; however, only a few screening studies of acid additions to thiourea organo catalysts are available in the literature. The reaction between cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde was selected as a standard model reaction for screening of more effective acid additives to thiourea

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