摘要：

在近幾年的研究中,紅麴發酵產品及山藥都被證實了是對人體健康具有益處的食品.其功效包括:降血脂,降血壓,抗腫瘤,抗發炎及抗氧化等.本研究以 Monascus purpureus NTU 568 為發酵菌株;山藥做為紅麴發酵的基質,並評估其抗氧化特性,測試的多醣包括紅麴米多醣,紅麴山藥多醣及山藥多醣.結果顯示,在 10 mg/mL 的濃度下,紅麴山藥多醣的抗氧化能力優於紅麴米多醣及山藥多醣 (p < 0.001).其抗氧化能力分別為:DHHP 自由基捕捉為 49.72%,螯合鐵離子的能力為 68.84%,抑制脂質過氧化的能力為 36.96% 及還原力為 0.53 (O.D.value).於紅麴發酵產品所含多醣對於 Raw 264.7 細胞於免疫調節的評估中,加入 polymyxin B (50 g/mL) 以避免其它革蘭氏陰性菌的干擾.在 500 及 1000 g/mL 的濃度下,發現紅麴米多醣及紅麴山藥多醣皆可刺激 Raw 264.7 細胞分泌一氧化氮.於 50 到 1000 g/mL的濃度下,紅麴米多醣及紅麴山藥多醣皆可刺激 Raw 264.7 細胞的吞噬能力,而在相同的濃度下亦可使 Raw 264.7 細胞的增生能力提高 1.34 到 1.87 倍.紅麴米多醣及紅麴山藥多醣在 125 到 1000 g/mL 的濃度下,可以誘導Raw 264.7 細胞分泌 IL1-β,IL-6 及 TNF-α 等細胞激素.此項實驗證實了紅麴米多醣及紅麴山藥多醣在調節免疫活性上,可被視為具有潛力之多醣來源.本研究利用動物模式評估紅麴米及紅麴山藥中的多醣成份對於動物在免疫調節上的能力.在小鼠的試驗設計中,紅麴米及紅麴山藥之多醣成份的餵食劑量為 0.1 g/kg/day,0.5 g/kg/day 及 1 g/kg/day,共餵食 42 天.結果發現 1 g/kg/day 的紅麴米多醣(紅麴米,24.4 g/person/day)及 0.1 g/kg/day 的紅麴山藥多醣(紅麴山藥,1.77 g/person/day)除了能有顯著性的提升脾臟細胞的增生能力外,還能增強自然殺手細胞的活性,巨噬細胞的吞噬能力,細胞表面抗體的表現,細胞激素的分泌(IL-2,IL-6 及 IFN-γ)及體液免疫反應(IgM 及 IgG).本研究證實了經由紅麴米及紅麴山藥餵食的小鼠,可以改善其非特異性,特異性及體液免疫反應.Recent years, many researches had demonstrated Monascus-fermented products (MFPs) and dioscorea to be beneficial foods for human health such as: hypolipidemia, hypertensive, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. In the antioxidative activities study, we used dioscorea as a fermented substrate for Monascus purpureus NTU 568 and evaluated the antioxidant properties of their polysaccharides in vitro. The polysaccharides including red mold dioscorea polysaccharides (RMDP), red mold rice polysaccharides (RMRP), and dioscorea polysaccharides (DP) were used. The results showed that the antioxidant abilities (DPPH scavenging activity, 49.72%, chelating effect on ferrous ions, 68.84%, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, 36.96%, and reduction power (O.D. 700 = 0.53) of RMDP were significantly higher than RMRP and DP at 10 mg/mL (p < 0.001).The immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides from Monascus-fermented products (MFPs) on Raw 264.7 cells in the presence of polymyxin B (50 g/mL) were evaluated. RMRP and RMDP (500 and 1000 g/mL) were able to stimulate nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cells. The phagocytosis activity of Raw 264.7 cells against E. coli were enhanced by various concentrations of RMRP and RMDP (50-1000 g/mL). The stimulated proliferation index of Raw 264.7 cells ranged from 1.34- to 1.87- fold with different concentrations of RMRP and RMDP (50-1000 g/mL) were observed. RMRP and RMDP (125-1000 g/mL) could induce IL1-β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in Raw 264.7 cells. These results demonstrated that the RMRP and RMDP could be a potential polysaccharides source with immunomodulatory activities, respectively.RMR and RMD were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of polysaccharide ingredients in the animal model. The mice were treated with polysaccharides from RMR and RMD at the dose of 0.1 g/kg/day, 0.5 g/kg/day, and 1 g/kg/day for 42 days. In our results, the 1 g/kg/day polysaccharides of RMR (RMR powder, 24.4 g/person/day) and 0.1 g/kg/day polysaccharides of RMD (RMD powder, 1.77 g/person/day) not only significantly increased splenocytes proliferation, but also remarkably increased natural kill cells activity, phagocytosis activity of peritoneal macrophages, immunophenotypes of splenocytes, the amount of cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ), and humoral immune responses (IgM and IgG), which indicated RMR and RMD could improve non-specific, specific, and humoral immune responses in mice.

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