Clozapine: A Clinical Review of Adverse Effects and Management

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作者：

Mohammad，Masud，Iqbal，Atiq，Rahman，Zahid，Husain，Syed，Zaber，Mahmud

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摘要：

Clozapine (Clozaril<sup>®</sup>) is a novel and unique prototype atypical, tricyclic, dibenzodiazepine-derivative, antipsychotic agent. It has been proven effective and significantly superior to placebo, as well as to conventional neuroleptics, in several placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It has also been found to produce an incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) as low as that found with placebo. Approximately 30–60% of all schizophrenic patients who fail to respond to typical antipsychotics may respond to clozapine. It was the first major advance that marked a turning point in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders since the introduction of the typical antipsychotic agents, i.e., chlorpromazine and haloperidol in the 1950s and 1960s, respectively. After its introduction in clinical studies in the United States in the early 1970s, it was withdrawn in 1974, and was not approved for clinical use in the United States

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关键词：

clozapine atypical antipsychotics conventional antipsychotics neuroleptics schizophrenia extrapyramidal symptoms side effects adverse effects