Beyond apoptosis: The mechanism and function of phosphatidylserine asymmetry in the membrane of activating mast cells

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作者：

NM Rysavy，LMN Shimoda，AM Dixon，M Speck，EY Umemoto

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摘要：

Loss of plasma membrane asymmetry is a hallmark of apoptosis, but lipid bilayer asymmetry and loss of asymmetry can contribute to numerous cellular functions and responses that are independent of programmed cell death. Exofacial exposure of phosphatidylserine occurs in lymphocytes and mast cells after antigenic stimulation and in the absence of apoptosis, suggesting that there is a functional requirement for phosphatidylserine exposure in immunocytes. In this review we examine current ideas as to the nature of this functional role in mast cell activation. Mechanistically, there is controversy as to the candidate proteins responsible for phosphatidylserine translocation from the internal to external leaflet, and here we review the candidacies of mast cell PLSCR1 and TMEM16F. Finally we examine the potential relationship between functionally important mast cell membrane perturbations and phosphatidylserine exposure during activation.

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关键词：

mast cells membrane lipids phosphatidylserine TMEM16F ABCA, ABC binding cassette family A CRAC, calcium release activated channel GPMV, giant plasma membrane vesicle ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif PLA2, phospholipase A2 PLSCR, phospholipid scramblase