摘要：

In the CNS chemical synapses are tripartite structures consisting of presynaptic and postsynaptic neuronal elements associated with the process of the astrocyte. Though the neuronal partners are key to information processing and learning and memory, emerging evidence supports a view of synaptic integration in which astrocytes dynamically regulate the information encoded at synapses. By releasing the chemical transmitters glutamate and ATP our evidence supports a role for astrocytes in which they provide balanced excitation and inhibition that is mediated by these two transmitters. Using inducible, astrocyte-specific transgenic animals our recent studies have identified critical roles played by astrocytes in regulating extracellular ATP and adenosine. Through these actions we find that astrocytes exert powerful tonic actions on synaptic transmission and plasticity as well in mediating phasic heterosynaptic cross-talk.

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