A Biogeographical Perspective of the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna

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摘要：

Over 75% of vent species occur at only one site and none occur at all sites. Examination of the reproductive characters of some widespread species reveals no special dispersal strategy nor does reproductive strategy predict the extent of distribution. Vestimentiferan tubeworm species are highly endemic and found only at Pacific vents; their limited spread may be a result of recent entry into the habitat. Alvinellid polychaete cladogenetic pattern does not match geographic regions, indicating independent penetration by numerous lineages. Endemicity among vent gastropods is high with over 60% of genera limited to this habitat; many affiliations with other sulphide-rich habitats can be identified. Among the vent gastropods there are some lineages that may have entered the vent habitat in the Mesozoic. Hydrothermal vents provide a good testing ground for processes that control patterns in diversity. Ecological and historical controls at both local and regional scales can be discerned with further study.

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phytoplankton algae size fractions photosynthesis dark fixation ecophysiology freshwater lake Libya